SN can release 1 trillion times the energy of our sun. One within a few dozen light years would scorch the earth

Creation

Only stars massive enough to fuse Iron can go SN. Could be done by a white dwarf stealing matter from binary pair
Cores look like Russian dolls, increasing in dense material towards the center
Electron degeneracy prevents the collapse, but once heavier elements fuse it is insufficient.
Fe absorbs nuclear energy in these stars, once it becomes unstable, it collapses from the size of the earth to the size of Manhattan at 1/3 the speed of light. This collapse causes atoms to be crushed, building energy
Neutron degeneracy prevents further compression, and the halt of inward acceleration causes a shock wave to bounce back, causing the supernova
Within seconds of fusing iron SN is created
All type 1A supernovae can be used as Standard Candles

Standard Candles

Type 1 A supernovae explode from identical amounts of mass (1.4x the mass of our sun), and as such give off a predictable amount (the same) of light energy. The intensity of this light energy can be measured and results in the distance away from us. Using this (standard candles), it was determined that the universe is expanding, but instead of gravity slowing them down, galaxies are accelerating away from each other. Dark energy causes this.

Results

Neutron Stars

Left by stars 8x our sun's mass
Pulsar - NS rotating so fast beams of radiation are ejected from its poles
Neutrinos are created by left over material from crushed atoms and build up during the collapse of a neutron star
- Gravity can't hold them, they explode out, carrying all the energy of a Supernova

Magneton

From stars 30x heavier than our sun

Black holes

From stars 100x heaver than our sun, result of hypernova
Small black hole is formed with matter still surrounding it, this matter is suckec in then ejected as a Gamma-Ray burst

Supernova

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